Why Walnut Wood Is Best
Why Walnut Is Best, It's Not Just Beauty
When discussing a guns aesthetics people tend to fall into two categories. Some focus on the engraving and have specific ideas about customizing their guns such as specific game scenes or personal touches. The rest are admirers of wood and have dreamt of their perfect stock including its style, coloring and grain.
Major Sir Gerald Burrard wrote in his book, 'The Modern Shotgun', - "We have in Walnut an ideal wood which is not only tough, hard and not given to splitting, but is also frequently figured in a beautiful manner which is a joy to the eye."
Walnut receives its grain definition from changes in temperature and weather conditions, and countries with extreme changes tend to produce the best grades of Walnut.
In Burrard's book he names Southern France and Italy as the best producers of Walnut but these days the bulk of the supply comes from Turkey. It is interesting to note that Walnut also comes from other countries including New Zealand and more recently Georgia.
The precise Walnut used for guns stocks is from the Juglans Regia tree - The Persian Walnut (or common Walnut). The tree is also known as the "English" Walnut as British sailors spread the tree around the world.
Walnut's colour results from the composition of the soil it's grown in. The below picture shows a piece from New Zealand which is dark compared to Turkish or French Walnut. The grain is also more uniform, possibly due to the age of the tree as Juglans Regia Walnut was not indigenous to New Zealand and must have been introduced to the island.
What part of the tree does the best Walnut come from?
A Walnut stock blank comes from the ball of the tree and is almost entirely underground during its (living) life. The base of the Walnut tree is used as it is denser as a result of the trunk's weight compressing the base.
The left and centre picture below show a Turkish Walnut tree before excavation on a hillside in Turkey, this tree is already dead and is a good example of the work required to attain the blank.
Once excavated, the Walnut is carefully cut into pieces that are 40-50% larger than those a gunmaker receives to compensate for shrinkage and distortion during the drying process. Once cut the ends of the blank have wax applied to prevent moisture escaping too quickly which can cause the wood to split or crack.
The Walnut is cut in a similar way to an orange's segments. Each piece ideally has straight grain from the trunk running through what will become the neck of the stock as this is the strongest figuring. The Walnut is stored for 4-7 years, or until it has stopped losing weight, before being sold for gun stocks. Some suppliers artificially dry the Walnut in kilns which causes it to shrink too quickly, weakening the wood.
Gun stock Walnut is expensive due to the complexity of its acquisition and the logistics of drying and transporting it. A harvested Walnut tree for gun stocks is on average 200 years old and the age contributes to the complexity of the grain and therefore it's beauty.
